KwiTshayina yamandulo, kwakukho indoda egama linguCai Lun.Wazalelwa kwintsapho eqhelekileyo yabalimi kwaye walima nabazali bakhe ukususela ebuntwaneni.Ngelo xesha, umlawuli wayethanda ukusebenzisa ilaphu lebrocade njengesixhobo sokubhala.UCai Lun waziva ngathi ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu kwaye abantu abaqhelekileyo abanakukwazi ukulisebenzisa, ngoko ke wayezimisele ukoyisa ubunzima aze afumane into efikelelekayo ukuze athathe indawo yayo.
Ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe, uCai Lun uneemeko zokujonga kunye nokunxibelelana neendlela zokuvelisa abantu.Nanini na xa enexesha lokukhululeka, wayebulela iindwendwe emva kweengcango ezivaliweyo aze aye buqu kwindawo yokusebenzela ukuze enze uphando lobuchwephesha.Ngenye imini, wayethabathekile lilitye lokusila: gaya iinkozo zengqolowa zibe ngumgubo, aze emva koko enze zombini iibhanti ezinkulu kunye neepanekuku ezibhityileyo.
Ephefumlelwe, waguba amaxolo, amadlavu, iminatha endala yokuloba, njl njl kwilitye lokusila, waza wazama ukwenza ikhekhe, kodwa akazange aphumelele.Kamva, yatshintshwa yabetha ngamandla kudaka lwamatye, izingisa ekubhuleni ngokuqhubekayo, yaye ekugqibeleni yaba ngumgubo weslag.Emva kokucwiliswa emanzini, ifilimu ngokukhawuleza yenziwa phezu kwamanzi.Ngokwenene yayikhangeleka njengepanekuku ebhityileyo.Yihlube ngobunono, uyibeke eludongeni ukuze yome, kwaye uzame ukubhala kuyo.I-inki iyoma ngephanyazo.Eli liphepha elaqanjwa nguCai Lun kwiminyaka engamawaka amabini eyadlulayo.
Ukuveliswa kwephepha akunciphisi kakhulu kuphela iindleko zokuvelisa iimveliso, kodwa kwadala iimeko zokuvelisa ngobuninzi.Ngokukodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwexolo njengento ekrwada kuye kwadala umzekelo wephepha langoku lenkuni kwaye kwavula indlela ebanzi yophuhliso lweshishini lephepha.
Kamva, ukwenziwa kwephepha kwaqaliswa eNorth Korea naseVietnam, ezimelene neTshayina, kwaza kwalandela eJapan.Kancinane, amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia afunda ubugcisa bokwenza iphepha elinye emva kwelinye.Intlama itsalwa ikakhulu kwiintsinga zehemp, rattan, bamboo kunye neestraw.
Kamva, ngoncedo lwamaTshayina, uBaekje wafunda ukwenza iphepha, kwaye iteknoloji yokwenza iphepha yasasazeka eDamasko eSiriya, eCairo eYiputa naseMorocco.Ekusasazeni ukwenza iphepha, igalelo lama-Arabhu alinakungahoywa.
Abantu baseYurophu bafunda ngeteknoloji yokwenza iphepha ngokusebenzisa ama-Arabhu.Ama-Arabhu aseka umzi-mveliso wokuqala wephepha eYurophu eSadiva, eSpeyin;emva koko umzi-mveliso wokuqala wephepha eItali wakhiwa eMonte Falco;Kwasekwa umzi-mveliso wephepha kufuphi neRoy;IJamani, iUnited Kingdom, iSweden, iDenmark kunye namanye amazwe amakhulu nawo anamashishini awo amaphepha.
Emva kokuba abantu baseSpain befudukele eMexico, baqala baseka umzi-mveliso wephepha kwilizwekazi laseMelika;emva koko baziswa eUnited States, kwaye umzi-mveliso wokuqala wephepha wasekwa kufuphi nePhiladelphia.Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane edluleyo, ukwenziwa kwephepha kwaseTshayina kwakusasazeke kuwo onke amazwekazi amahlanu.
Ukwenza amaphepha yenye "yezinto ezine eziphambilins” zenzululwazi nobugcisa bamandulo baseTshayina (ikhampasi, ukwenza iphepha, ukushicilela, nomgubo werhuluwa) notshintshiselwano luye lwayichaphazela ngokunzulu imbali yehlabathi.
Indawo yokuhlala kaCai Lun yangaphambili ikwiCaizhou, kumntla-ntshona weLeiyang, eHunan, eTshayina.Kukho iHolo yeSikhumbuzo saseCai Lun kwintshona yelizwekazi, kwaye iCai Zichi isecaleni kwayo.Wamkelekile ukuba undwendwele China.
Yabona, emva kokuyifunda, uyaqonda ukuba iphepha livela phi, akunjalo?
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-14-2022